Extension of `data.frame` • data.table

data.table provides a high-performance version of base R’s data.frame with syntax and feature enhancements for ease of use, convenience and programming speed.

Why `data.table`?

concise syntax: fast to type, fast to read
fast speed
memory efficient
careful API lifecycle management
community
feature rich

Features

fast and friendly delimited file reader: ?fread, see also convenience features for small data
fast and feature rich delimited file writer: ?fwrite
low-level parallelism: many common operations are internally parallelized to use multiple CPU threads
fast and scalable aggregations; e.g. 100GB in RAM (see benchmarks on up to two billion rows)
fast and feature rich joins: ordered joins (e.g. rolling forwards, backwards, nearest and limited staleness), overlapping range joins (similar to IRanges::findOverlaps), non-equi joins (i.e. joins using operators >, >=, <, <=), aggregate on join (by=.EACHI), update on join
fast add/update/delete columns by reference by group using no copies at all
fast and feature rich reshaping data: ?dcast (pivot/wider/spread) and ?melt (unpivot/longer/gather)
any R function from any R package can be used in queries not just the subset of functions made available by a database backend, also columns of type list are supported
has no dependencies at all other than base R itself, for simpler production/maintenance
the R dependency is as old as possible for as long as possible, dated April 2014, and we continuously test against that version; e.g. v1.11.0 released on 5 May 2018 bumped the dependency up from 5 year old R 3.0.0 to 4 year old R 3.1.0

Installation

install.packages("data.table")

# latest development version:
data.table::update.dev.pkg()

See the Installation wiki for more details.

Usage

Use data.table subset [ operator the same way you would use data.frame one, but…

no need to prefix each column with DT$ (like subset() and with() but built-in)
any R expression using any package is allowed in j argument, not just list of columns
extra argument by to compute j expression by group

library(data.table)
DT = as.data.table(iris)

# FROM[WHERE, SELECT, GROUP BY]
# DT  [i,     j,      by]

DT[Petal.Width > 1.0, mean(Petal.Length), by = Species]
#      Species       V1
#1: versicolor 4.362791
#2:  virginica 5.552000

Getting started

Introduction to data.table vignette
Getting started wiki page
Examples produced by example(data.table)

Cheatsheets

Community

data.table is widely used by the R community. It is being directly used by hundreds of CRAN and Bioconductor packages, and indirectly by thousands. It is one of the top most starred R package on GitHub. If you need help, the data.table community is active on StackOverflow.